The chief source of liquid fuels
is petroleum which is obtained from wells under the earth’s crust. These
fuels have proved more advantageous in comparison to sold fuels in the
following respects.
Advantages :
1. Require less space for
storage.
2. Higher calorific value.
3. Easy control of consumption.
4. Staff economy.
5. Absence of danger from
spontaneous combustion.
6. Easy handling and
transportation.
7. Cleanliness.
8. No ash problem.
9. Non-deterioration of the oil
in storage.
Petroleum. There are different opinions
regarding the origin of petroleum. However, now it is accepted that petroleum
has originated probably from organic matter like fish and plant life etc., by
bacterial action or by their distillation under pressure and heat. It consists
of a mixture of gases, liquids and solid hydrocarbons with small amounts of
nitrogen and sulphur compounds. In India, the main sources of Petroleum are
Assam and Gujarat. Heavy fuel oil or crude oil is imported and then refined at
different refineries. The refining of crude oil supplies the most important
product called petrol. Petrol can also be made by polymerization of
refinery gases.
Other liquid fuels are kerosene,
fuels oils, colloidal fuels and alcohol.
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